Women Writing & Indian Diversity
INDIAN LITERATURE & ITS TIMES:
We can divide Indian literature into three specific era namely Old Literature,Medieval Literature and Modern Literature. Since the time of ancient India art and literature of this soil is highly unique and rich .
THE BOOKS OF ANCIENT INDIA :
The sages of ancient India composed various kind of books which are of eminence knowledge like Vedas, Upanishads, Purana ,The Arthasashtra of Kautillya , Yoga Sashtra of Patanjali , The Baimanik sashtra of Vishamitra etc. Mathematician Aryabhatya , Physician Charak and Monu wrote their research papers in Sanskrit which are highly regarded till now .
WOMEN WRITERS OF ANCIENT INDIA :
Even women like Maitreyi, Khana , Lopamudra were the great wise and eminent writers in ancient India. We can be proud for these ancient distinguished poets and poetess. Still they inspire us . They wrote beautiful lyrics which teach us how to live a divine life without any tension of worldly hectic activities. These lyrics of ancient sages are universal . Srimatvagbata Gita ,Ramayana and Mahabharata all these are great treasure of Indian literature . These inspire us to create our modern literature and guide us to lead a happy life.
MEDIAEVAL INDIA & THE WRITERS :
Medieval India couldn’t produce a lot like the erstwhile because of political disturbances. India was invaded by the foreigners like Turkish, Muggs, Mughals . The disturbed India couldn’t produce great authors though the writer like Jaydev ,Vidyapati ,Chandidas ,Bharatchandra were the genius in literature. We can pick the name of great Kalidas ,Vas , Bhabobhuti . They are eminent writers of this era.
VAISHNAVA PADABALI :
Vaishnava Padabali is undoubtedly the best as an literature as well as divine songs. Modern poet Rabindranath Tagore was inspired with the lyrics of Vidyapati and composed his lyrical book’Vanusingher Padavali ‘.
MODERN LITERATURE & ITS TIMES
Inspite of these compositions , we don’t feel any attraction in it due its non -modern themes . Indian modern literature is not only supurb in quality ,it’s unique, commendable and rich in various subjects. And it has been possible for new education systems, social reformation and other spiritual movement.
THE RENAISSANCE :
The Renaissance in Bengal changed the thought and life of Indian. Raja Ram Mohan Roy,Vidyasagar , Dwaraknath Tagore ,Sree Ramkrishna , Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was born in nineteenth century and they did a lot for the country . Modern literature is the result of Renaissance. We came contact with English literature and culture as they ruled our country for a longtime. Some Indian lover Englishmen helped to spread education along with Vidyasagar . Since that times Indian women came out from the captivation and started their journey to explore themselves .
WHY LESS PARTICIPATION ?
In this modern era our literature was enriched with the splendid writings of male writers Bankim, Madhusudan Dutt ,Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Saratchandra and other male writers . but women writings are very few in nineteenth century, but started gradually.
INDIAN DIVERSITY :
India is a vast land with vast population and their language and culture are different. Even their lifestyles are different. They live in various demographic area which is different from one another. Some live in plains ,some in Hilly area ,some live in desert and others on bank of rivers or adjacent to seashore. So they have to face different kind of natural atmospheric influences . Some places are very worm ,some are very cool.
STRUGGLE OF THE PEOPLE :
People of India used to struggle according to their environment and atmosphere. The hill’s folks are very industrious than wormy plains . Besides, India is a land of multi linguistic peoples. Some people speak in Indo- Arian languages, some Dravidian and others in Votchina or Votbarmio languages. So Indian literature is a store house of great treasure of multi linguistic literatures .
Indian Women Writing :
Indian Women Writings : A Glimpses
Indian national language is Hindi ,but other languages are also regarded as the same status like Hindi. India is a land of diversity , diversity in language, diversity in food habit and lifestyle, diversity in nature ,even diversity in people’s physique. Literature , Music , Dance and others fine arts are also various . South Indian music is different from North Indian just as Monipuri Dance is different from South Indian Dance Kathakali. We ,the Bengalees like to have rice and fish ,but other state’s people generally love roti sabji and dahi etc .The people of Rajasthan don’t like non- veg .Even dressing code and style is also different.
Indian peoples generally know Hindi ,English, and his or her mother’s tongue. Because Hindi and English are our official language. But Indian government recognized all most all the major languages. Even a few tribal languages like Santhali are recognized by provincial government . You suppose to think Why we are telling about these languages! It’s because all most all the languages have the rich stores in literature.
Rabindranath Tagore enriched the Bengali language with his marvelous works in all spheres of literature. He was awarded Noble Prize in literature. Still now no other language of India can attain it. Bengali culture and its literature is extremely fabulous and unique in merit . Post -Rabindra literature of all Indian languages are highly respected in nationally and internationally. Many talented writers are writing in different language and their compositions are translated in English and other foreign languages. And it’s glad to say that there are many women writers in Indian literature in this respect who did splendid works. But it was not easy for them to compose any literature at the first time in nineteenth century .
Indian Hindu society was very conservative and there was no freedom of women. They were captivated in the home by the male dominated society. They were totally blind about the outer world. Raja Ram Mohan
Roy first thought about them . He struggled for demolishing Sati custom from the society. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar was a great social reformer who introduced widow marriage and stopped child marriage. With the help of Englishman Drink Water he established a girls school in Calcutta . initially a few women of high society came forward and admitted there . Gradually they started writing .
In India , the women’s freedom did not come very easily .They’d no freedom of speech, they couldn’t go outside of their home . Women could only look after inside the home and men had the freedom outside the home. Any decision was being made by the males. They enjoyed a lot . They had no restrictions like women in the Indian society. But some enlightened men of that era came forward to establish the rights and freedom of the women. Besides, some women of our society tried their best to enrich themselves in their own efforts. Some enlightened families of our society got freedom and rights to be learnt and writings like Mankumari Devi ,Swarnamayee Devi ,the elder sister of Rabindranath Tagore. In Maharashtra some women first came forward to establish their own rights of education and freedom of speech. Sabitribai Phule first established a girls school in India. Tarabai Sindhe wrote first feminist writing and Scholar Ramabai started movement against caste division of Hindu Society .She herself converted into Christianity . During this time Renaissance took place in Bengal.
Indian Women Writing
INTRODUCTION :
Indian soil produced so many great writers like Valmiki ,Kalidas ,Rabindranath and so on.Rabindranath is the latest . We can compare him with Shakespeare, Keats or Wordsworth. I think he is more genius than any world class writers.Togore produced a lot in every branch of literature.
INDIAN WOMEN WRITERS :
But comparatively We can not refer any women writer like Rabindranath in India. Though Indian writings of women are highly enriched like male writers. Actually modern India has produced number of eminent writers like Ashapurna Devi,Mahasweta Devi,Kamala Das ,Mahadevi Verma ,Krishna Seboti ,Ismat Chugtai etc. I like to discuss the literary works of women of different parts of Indian provinces in order to get the different socioeconomic problems which they had to face in day to day life struggle.
INDIAN DIVERSITY :
India is vast country and its culture, lifestyle ,food habit, language are various. The problems of Kashmir’s women and Northeast are different. Yes , both the provinces are disturbed due to terrorist activities and it has been going on since independence of India and Pakistan. Kashmir is now a province of India.
DIVERSITY IN LANGUAGES :
But some months ago it was not . The local people of Nagaland ,Mizoram don’t think that they are Indian. Besides other than Hindi ,Bengali ,Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi ,Oriya etc others languages are from Dravidian and Votchiniya ,even the language of Manipur ,Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh are local tribals languages. In Kashmir, some writers followed Urdu and English other than Kashmiri language. So it’s a mammoth tasks to depict all the works of Indian Women Writings.
WHAT YOU COME TO KNOW :
I would try to discuss about selected women writers of all provinces of Indian States who has written in prominent languages like Hindi ,Bengali, Punjabi, Malayalam, Tamil,Telugu, Kannada etc. Before that we are to discuss about the position of women in Indian society from Vedic period to modern times.
DIGNITY OF WOMEN :
A.S.Altekar wrote in his book’The Position Of Women in Hindu Civilization’: The advancement and amelioration of a country depends on the betterment of its women’s dignity and the position which she belongs. Indian society is totally different from Western country’s societies. Our society is to some extent conservative. Though at present women are getting freedom than before as the education spreads in all section of the society.
WOMEN POSITION IN ANCIENT INDIA :
We came to know from our ancient scriptures that women’s position in vedic period was in high esteem and they’d proper education. Women like Moitryee , Khana had the profound knowledge in scriptures, economics and sociology etc.They were being regarded in the vedic society.It was continued up to the first half of Buddhist era.Gradually subsides it this era.
DECLINING WOMEN POSITION:
Women position extremely diminished when Muslims ruled our country. In this period women had to confine into the four walls . They were captivated in purdah and not given education. But it has changed during colonial periods.Vidyasagar and Drinkwater at the first time organized a girls school in north Calcutta.
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