Durga Puja: Origin and Development Of Durga

Answer to What is the scriptural reference for the traditional Durga Puja as followed in Bengal? (More details provided comments) by Sushil Rudra https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-scriptural-reference-for-the-traditional-Durga-Puja-as-followed-in-Bengal-More-details-provided-comments/answer/Sushil-Rudra-4?ch=99&share=a443cf94&srid=tW8SC

YOU CAN MAKE MONEY

“HOW MUCH MONEY CAN YOU MAKE BLOGGING?

It’s pretty easy to make an extra $500 – $2,000 per month blogging in your first year. In years 2 and beyond, after you’ve built traffic and subscribers, you can increase revenue to $100,000+. We cover how below.

After posting my blogging income report from last year, I’ve been getting a lot of reader questions asking: How much money can you make blogging?

I think blogging is the perfect side hustle because you can do it in your own time, you can do it from anywhere, and you can build it into your lifestyle. Yes, I am working on a blog post on a dune in Oregon in this picture!

HOW MUCH MONEY DO BLOGGERS MAKE?

It’s pretty easy to make an extra $500 – $2,000 per month blogging in your first year. And then in years 2, 3, 4, and 5, you can significantly increase your monthly blog revenue. Glassdoor reports that the average blogger salary is over $32,800 per year, based on several anonymously submitted salaries.

Many of the full-time bloggers that I know can make over $200,000 per year and work about 10-30 hours per week. As I mentioned earlier, I’ve posted my income report where I made over $400,000 with my blogging side hustle. And while it’s a smaller group, I also know bloggers who make millions every year and work less than 10 hours a week (wouldn’t that be nice!).

That’s an insane ROI for your time. More and more people are also reading blogs, so it’s just the beginning. It’s still the Blogging Wild West. Get in NOW!! Bluehost Millennial Money readers receive a 63% discount: $7.99 $2.95/month.

LEARN MORE HOW DO BLOGS MAKE MONEY?

How much money you can make depends on how much traffic you are getting and how large your email list is. You can realistically make $25,000-$50,000 your first year blogging, $100,000+ your second year, $250,000+ your third year of blogging, and $500,000+ in your fourth year.

Seriously, if you keep at it and keep building, your traffic and revenue will continue to grow. In my first year of blogging, I made about $25,000.

In year 2 I made about $150,000 and in my 3rd year, I made over $400,000. I’m on pace (crossing my fingers) to make over $1 million in year 4 from this blog. And I’m able to write all of the posts on my laptop wherever I am.

No matter what, keep at it! While it takes time to build momentum, blogging = freedom. Later in this post, I highlight the 15 ways that I make money on the Millennial Money blog, but before we get there, here’s how you should think about (and measure) the money that your blog is making.

Some of the bloggers that make the most money have pretty small audiences – they just know their audiences well and have maximized their earning per page view and email subscriber.

Most professional bloggers are measuring both earnings per page view and earnings per email subscriber monthly. Since I’m so busy I do it quarterly and it works for me. Because there have been so many questions, I decided to put everything I know about blogging into a FREE 7-day email course.

You can sign up below, or get more info on what the blogging course covers here. First Name Email*

LET’S DO THIS! More Traffic = More Revenue. It’s not unrealistic to make between $0.01 – $0.25 per page view in many blogging niches through display and affiliate ads.

So if you get 1,000 pageviews a month (very very easy), you can make between $10-$25 per month, which will cover the cost of running the blog. But if you can get to 100,000 pageviews a month, that turns into $1,000 – $25,000 each month. In rare cases I’ve seen a blogger make $0.20 per page view in a very profitable niche like insurance, but somewhere in the $0.02 – $0.05 is realistic.

So the more people your blog reaches, the more money you can make. The more time you put into sharing quality content, the bigger your traffic and email list will grow (read: the more money you can make!).

This is why I love SEO (search engine optimization) so much – it is the compound interest of blog growth. If you haven’t yet checked it out, here are my 67 Best SEO Tips for Bloggers. Study and use those strategies – they work.

SEO is what is going to make you the money over the long run. Organic traffic from Google is by far the most sustainable traffic strategy. To learn more about building your blog traffic, check out my Free 7 Day Blogging Side Hustle Email Course (traffic is covered on day 4).

Email Lists are Your Most Important Asset The most important asset you have as a blogger is your email list. This is your crew, your audience, your tribe.

They are the ones who will come back and keep reading your content and who you will build enough trust with so they will buy from you (either product you create or promote) or click on the affiliate links for the products you recommend. While you can, and will, definitely make money running display and affiliate ads on your blog, your biggest money-making opportunity is going to be with your email list.

The million-dollar bloggers out there can make between $1-$5 in revenue per email subscriber each month!! If you have a list of 10,000 subscribers you can make up to $50,000 in revenue off that list per month! It’s crazy. Keep in mind that’s an extreme example and not typical.

Somewhere in the $1-$3 per month per email subscriber is realistic. The email marketing platform I recommend is Constant Contact. They offer a free 60-day trial of their service, and you don’t even have to input your credit card number for access.

Start building your email list as soon as you start your blog. Your email list is your most important asset. To learn more about building your blog traffic check out my Free 7 Day Blogging Side Hustle Email Course (email list building is covered on day 5).

15 WAYS TO EARN MONEY WITH YOUR BLOG:

In the past 3 years I have made money through the Millennial Money platform in the following ways: Google Adsense Advertising/Publisher Networks Affiliate Ads Sponsored Content Direct Display Ads Social Media Promotion Paid Content Promotion Courses Consulting Brand Partnerships Podcast Sponsorships Private Coaching Conference Speaking Book Deals Freelance Writing Opportunities.

1. Google Adsense Potential blog revenue: $0.1 – $0.5 per page view Google Adsense allows you to run ads from the Google Display network on your website. If you are a brand new blogger Google Adsense is the easiest way to monetize your blog, but you won’t make that much money off of them. Even if you are getting a thousand visitors a month you might make $50 at most of Google Ads. But that’s a start! I used Google Adsense for the first year that I was blogging and then switched over to an ad network to get a higher CPM (cost per thousand impressions) and CPC (cost per click).

2. Advertising/Publisher Networks Potential monthly blog revenue: $20,000+ Once you’ve reached at least 25,000 page views per month you can (and should) ditch Google Adsense and start working directly with an advertising network (they are also called publisher networks), who will directly manage the display ads on your website to ensure you are making the most money off of your ads. Typically these networks take between 20%-40% of the display ad revenue from your website. Even with this commission, you can make a lot more money working with an advertiser/publishing network than working directly with Google. Some bloggers crush it, making $20,000+ a month on display ads alone. There are often ad/publisher networks that specialize in your niche, so just do a simple Google search for [your niche] ad networks and you are likely to find a few that you can reach out to. Some of them are very selective about who they work with, so you might want to reach out to a few others. JUST RELEASED Best Side Hustles for 2021 If you’re looking for how to get started earning cash on top of your 9-5, you’re in luck! We just published our completed guide “The Best Side Hustles for 2021.” It features our top 23 side hustles that can earn anything from a little extra spending money to thousands of dollars per month! Just enter your e-mail below and we’ll send you the full guide! Email Address CONTINUE By submitting your email address, you consent to us keeping you informed about updates to our website and about other products and services that we think might interest you. You can unsubscribe at any time. Please read our Privacy Statement and Terms & Conditions.

3. Affiliate Ads Potential blog revenue: $5 – $500 per click Affiliate marketing is legit and you can make a lot of money by placing affiliate ads on your website. In almost any niche you can make money recommending products or services and getting paid every time someone signs up through your link. These are affiliate ads and are a win/win for both bloggers and advertisers because the advertiser gets a confirmed sign up and you, the blogger, will likely get paid more money for a confirmed sign up than a click. Where you might get $1-$3 per click, with affiliate commissions, depending on the product you are promoting, you can make between $5 – $500 (or more!) when someone signs up through your link. Check out my list of best affiliate programs. So how do you make this kind of money? Only recommend products or services that you believe in and/or use. One of the fastest ways to lose the rest of your readers is to recommend a crappy or spammy product just because you will get paid if they click and sign up. It’s not worth it. Focus on finding affiliate relationships for products that you believe in and/or use. Not all companies have affiliate programs or they keep them hidden for a smaller group of bloggers. Just reach out to the makers of your favourite products and/or services to see if they have an affiliate program. If they do they might have minimum traffic requirements, and if so, just make a note to contact them when your traffic gets bigger. To learn all you need to know to make money using affiliate marketing here is the best course I’ve found from my friend Michelle – Make Sense of Affiliate Marketing. The ROI on this course is insane! You can make your money back in just a few weeks. Check it out. Amazon Affiliate Ads One of the most popular affiliates is Amazon and you can get paid whenever you link to a product listing on Amazon if one of your readers buy the product. While the payouts (what you get paid for sale) aren’t as much on Amazon as going directly to a product or service, they have easy to use affiliate platform and you can pretty much promote any of the gazillion products on Amazon. The more expensive the product you promote is, the higher the commission you get if someone buys it through your link. This is one of the reasons people who blog about electronics and cameras and expensive items can crush it through affiliate ads – every time someone buys a TV through their link they are pocketing up to $200 per transaction. You can earn up to 10% with some transactions. Those numbers add up quickly. I currently only use Amazon affiliate ads to promote books that I recommend on Millennial Money, but make at least $1,000 per month through Amazon affiliate ads from this post on best money books.

4. Sponsored Content Potential blog revenue: $50 – $1000 per post The bigger your blog gets the more people will reach out and offer to pay to put their content on your blog. You are going to get hit up A LOT. About 100 people a week reach out to meet asking for me to put their post on Millennial Money. Typically they will offer between $50 – $1,000 to publish one of their posts on your blog. You might be thinking, whoah that’s a ton of money just to publish a post someone else has written, but you need to be careful. Google doesn’t like this practice and if they think you are publishing a lot of paid content they could blacklist your blog (which is terrible and will take you forever to recover from).

You also want to be careful about how often you post sponsored content because the posts are often really crappy or have crappy links included in them. If you are linking from a crappy blog post to a crappy link Google is going to notice and so will your audience.

So be very very careful about accepting sponsored content posts, or ask for a much higher fee and write them yourself. In the 3 years that I’ve been writing Millennial Money, I’ve only accepted 4 total sponsored posts and all of them I ended up rewriting myself and charging a larger fee. And all of them were directly related to ideas/services I already promote.

Protect your reader and Google reputation above all else so go easy on the sponsored content!

5. Direct Display Ad Buys Potential monthly blog revenue:

$200 – $2,500 per display Some brands or companies will reach out to you to put a banner display ad on your website to promote their product. Or you can reach out to companies that align with your target readership and blog niche.

Sell the fact that a display ad will be on every page of your blog and get the maximum amount of visibility. Typically you can get between $200 – $2,500 a month per display depending on the niche you are blogging about.

You can sell a 728×90 banner ad for the most money since it’s the most visible when you put it in your blog header.

But be careful to not put too many ads on your blog – typically you can only sell limited direct display ad buys at a time. But if you want you can push this and put smaller ads in your blog sidebar (have you seen those tiny little square ads on websites?) – some bloggers make a ton of money on 100 pixel / 100-pixel ads that are targeted.

There was recently an app that wanted to be on the Millennial Money homepage for a month, but I don’t put ads on my homepage.

Eventually, they offered me $15,000 for a one-month placement, which I just couldn’t refuse, so I built a temporary box on my homepage just for their ad. Always negotiate – let them make the first offer and then ask for at least $100 – $200 higher. Don’t leave money on the table.

6. Social Media Promotion

Potential blog revenue: $500 – $3000 per promotion It blew my mind the first time a brand paid me to tweet. Seriously, I just couldn’t fathom that someone would pay me $500 just to tweet for 30 minutes in a Twitter chat. It was awesome.

Since then I’ve been paid between $500 – $3,000 to do simple social media promotions of other people’s content. If you are an influencer or expert in your niche you can likely make money promoting products or services on social media.

The bigger your the following the more money you can get paid. Paid promotions are one area where growing a large social audience can pay off. For example, some bloggers I know with massive Instagram followings make at least $5,000 per month promoting products in their niche (fashion and travel specifically). Sure they have a blog, but they make more money on their social following as they grow their blog.

7. Paid Social Media Content Promotion Potential blog revenue: $30,000+ This is how many of the largest, most profitable bloggers, make their money.

Depending on the niche you write in and the affiliates you work with, you can crush it by running Facebook or Google ads to your monetized content.

This is an effective and popular blog monetization strategy many bloggers are using. The way it works is you buy Facebook traffic to your blog for say 3 cents to 2 dollars per click, but then a certain percentage of that traffic signs up or buys something through one of your affiliate links.

Then you manage how much you spend on ad clicks to generate affiliate revenue. While this requires some Facebook and/or Google ad testing, over time when you find the winning combination (for example for every $1 you spend on ads you make $5 in affiliate revenue) you can scale it quickly.

I know some bloggers who spend $20,000 or more on ad traffic to their website, but they make over $30,000 in profit on that ad spend! Some bloggers I know make over $1 million A MONTH by buying and monetizing paid traffic.

I’ve never gotten that good at this type of monetization, but it’s something I’ve been exploring and growing on Millennial Money.

8. Courses Potential blog revenue:

$??? While it will likely be difficult for you to launch a course shortly after launching your blog, building a course is a great way to make money on your blog. It’s never been easier to sell your expertise and make money teaching others. You can either host your course on your WordPress blog using plugins like WordPress LMS or through a third party website like Teachable.

In 2017 I launched the first version of the Millennial Money course and it was so successful that I had to take it offline only 30 days after launching it because I didn’t know what I was getting myself into.

Just providing support to all of the students was a challenge, but the course was very profitable. Many of the bloggers who are friends of mine have launched multiple 6 figure courses and a few have made 7 figures with their courses (yes you read that right – they have made over $1 million from just launching courses through their blogs).

If you are thinking about launching a course check to see what else is out there in the market and who you will be competing with because I’ve also seen many bloggers launch courses that they spent a lot of time building that didn’t do very well.

If you are planning to develop a course that someone is already offering think hard about what would make your course different and why someone would buy it from you instead of someone else. Would your audience buy it?

It’s often best to launch a course after you’ve been writing on your blog for a while and you know more about your audience and what they are willing to buy.

9. Consulting with Companies Potential blog revenue:

$500 – $15,000 per consultation Over the past few years several companies, both big and small, have paid me fees as a consultant to do many things, like providing feedback on a mobile app, feedback on a new financial website, to flying in and working with their design and marketing teams or to speak with their financial advisors about Millennials.

While I’ve been offered quite a few consulting gigs, I only take the ones where I am interested in learning about the product or interest in forming a longer-term relationship with a company.

If you become an expert in your niche or have a unique viewpoint, companies might be willing to pay you for your expertise. If you want to get consulting gigs the best way to do it is actually through LinkedIn – probably 80% of my consulting opportunities have come through LinkedIn messages, not my actual blog platform.

But in 100% of the case,s the companies are only asking me to consult with them because of my background and the Millennial Money blog. A simple way to set yourself up for consulting opportunities is to connect with other bloggers and people who work at companies in your niche on LinkedIn.

Then start using LinkedIn to distribute some of your content. Also, the next time that a company reaches out to you to review their product, ask if they would be interested in having you come in to test and discuss it in person (you might get paid and a free flight to somewhere cool!).

I can charge companies anywhere from $500 for a quick call to $15,000 for a one-day visit and workshop with their team.

10. Brand Partnerships Potential monthly blog revenue:

Up to $25,000 Once you start getting noticed in your niche then brands might start reaching out to you to discuss ways that you can “work together”. Be ready when this happens and have ideas and packages for how you can help their brand reach your audience AND vice versa.

If you partner with the right brands it will benefit you as well, since they will share your content and email their followers about you as well. I’ve been able to generate a ton of blog followers through a few partnerships with big brands.

Another benefit of big brands is that they likely have big budgets, which means they have more money to spend to work with you. My largest brand partnership was a $50,000 deal for 2 months that required very little of my time and was a win-win for both my brand partner and my audience.

One piece of advice – most brands will want to start small with you but don’t undersell yourself. If a brand is reaching out to you they want to work with you, so be willing to negotiate.

A few of the early brand deals I did I undersold myself and they ended up being a ton of work. Over time you should look to create longer-term brand partnerships that are mutually beneficial and can become consistent forms of revenue for your platform.

11. Podcast Sponsorships Potential blog revenue:

$100 – $500 per episode Podcasting is the wild west right now and while it’s hard to make big money unless you have a big audience, it’s relatively easy when working with a podcast host like Podbean (the one I use!) to monetize your podcast.

This is because Podbean has a feature that you can sign up for free that lets them place small ads before and after your podcast. You don’t have to do anything – just keep podcasting and then make money.

Another way you can sell ads is direct to a brand or company that reaches out to you. But like I said, it’s the wild west so it’s hard to figure out what to charge and what company’s are willing to pay for. Somewhere in the range of $100 – $500 per episode is fairly common.

While I’ve made very little money on the Millennial Money Minutes podcast, I have included podcast advertisements as part of brand partnerships that I’ve sold. If you are a new blogger I’d recommend you get 6 months of blogging under your belt before launching a podcast. The worst thing you can do is burn out and stop working on your blog. A podcast is a lot of work.

12. Private 1 on 1 Coaching Potential blog revenue:

Up to $50,000 I started offering private coaching in the Summer of 2017 and enjoy it. It’s also been a stable way to make consistent revenue through the Millennial Money platform and connect one on one with my audience.

I’ve learned so much about coaching and how to help readers through my private coaching engagements. The one. the challenge is that, even though I talk to my private clients either 30 minutes each week or 1 hour every two weeks, it takes quite a bit more time than that because I prepare and I’m also always thinking about my clients. This is why I only work with 5 people at one time.

No matter how big the blog gets I always want to work with 5 people directly since I enjoy it and it’s the most effective way for me to help people grow their online business and fast track their financial freedom.

In 2017 I was able to make almost $50,000 through my private coaching clients. 13. Conference Speaking Potential blog revenue: $1,000 – $15,000 per gig I can’t wait until my book is released because then it will make more sense to speak at conferences (since they can buy books too!), but I am doing more speaking gigs and make between $1,000 – $15,000 per gig.

Conference speaking is tough though and often requires a lot of travel. I’m very selective about the events that I will speak at but look forward to continuing to build this opportunity through the Millennial Money platform, especially when I am promoting the book.

I know some bloggers who make at least $200,000 a year just by speaking at conferences. 14. Book Deal Potential blog revenue: $??? If you become an expert in your niche, are good at writing about your topic, and you’ve built an audience, then you might be a good candidate for a book deal.

Book agents and publishers are always for talented writers with expertise. While it might sound crazy to think about writing a book right now, this could be a real possibility as you grow your blog.

If you would have told me 3 years ago when I started the Millennial Money blog, that I would be able to sign a book deal with a major publisher I would have thought you were insane.

Seriously, you have no idea where your blog will take you – that’s part of the adventure of it. FYI I’m giving away at least 500 copies of my book to my book list – if you want to sign up for that list you can here.

15. Freelance Writing Opportunities Potential blog revenue:

$300 – $1,000 per post-Last but not least, blogging is writing, so the more you blog the better writer you are going to become and the more likely you will then be able to sell that expertise through freelance writing opportunities. Soooooo many companies and publications are looking for niche experts to write for them and will pay you to write.

Many new bloggers use freelance writing opportunities to supplement their blogging income while they are getting their blogs off the ground and building an audience.

Another benefit to making money in freelance writing is that you can get more exposure as an expert in your niche and build your portfolio.

Typically freelance writers can get between $300 – $1,000 per freelance writing blog post and more money for longer pieces like white papers or reports. …..and there are many other additional ways to make money off your blog, like selling products, monetizing your YouTube or on-blog videos, selling access to a member area and many other ways.

Always remember you are building a platform and the more creative you can be the more money you will make. Freelance Toolkit – Start A Freelance Side Hustle Learn how to launch a freelance writing, graphic design, or audio editing business.

LET’S DO THIS YOUR BLOG NICHE MATTERS

How much money you can make blogging depends largely on the niche you are blogging about. If you blog about used books, for example, you could probably only make money if you sold books directly through your blog and then you likely won’t make much money.

Unless of course, you blog about (and sell) expensive, in-demand, rate books. But if you blog about money.

For instance, it’s going to be easier for you to make money because you can get larger affiliate commissions, bigger advertiser fees or CPMs (cost per thousand impressions), and sell products for more money.

So pick a niche that you are interested in writing about (this will help you stick with it) and one that can also make you money (if you want to make money blogging). Not all bloggers want to make money.

Over the past 3 years, I have had the opportunity to meet (and work) with many full-time bloggers and while you can make money blogging in almost any niche, below are the most and least profitable blogging niches based on my research and experience.

Some bloggers can successfully combine multiple niches, for example, “travel and product reviews” to maximize monetization opportunities.

Keep in mind these numbers are just average ranges that I have observed and were reported to me in a blogger survey of 481 bloggers across many niches. Most Profitable Blogging Niches.

Here are some of the most profitable blog niches:

Money / Insurance: $0.02 – $0.25 per pageview, $0.50 – $6 per email subscriber per month Product Reviews: $0.01 – $0.15 per pageview, $0.25 – $5 per email subscriber per month.

Travel: $0.01 – $0.10 per pageview, $0.50 – $4 per email subscriber per month.

Fashion: $0.01 – $0.10 per pageview, $0.10 – $4 per email subscriber per month.

Decorating: $0.01 – $0.05 per pageview, $0.10 – $4 per email subscriber per month Least Profitable Blogging Niches.

These are some of the least profitable niches:

Music: $0.01 – $0.03 per pageview, $0.10 – $1 per email subscriber per month  (I worked with a guy that had a music blog that got 2 million unique visitors a month, but he barely made $2,500 a month because it’s so tough to monetize) General News / Politics: $0.01 – $0.02 per pageview, $0.10 – $2 per email subscriber per month Cooking / Gardening: $0.01 – $0.03 per pageview, $0.10 – $3 per email subscriber per month Home Improvement: $0.01 – $0.03 per pageview, $0.10 – $3 per email subscriber per month Toys / Games: $0.01 – $0.03 per pageview, $0.10 – $3 per email subscriber per month.

HOW TO MAKE MONEY BLOGGING:

You need to think about your blog like a platform, not just a blog. A huge difference between million-dollar and amateur bloggers is that they view their blog as a platform – meaning they use it to test (and then scale) money-making ideas. They use it to connect with people. They use it to make money in a bunch of different ways.

The more ways that you can make money on your blog, the more money you are likely going to make.

Get creative.

The experience you get monetizing your blog and connecting with other bloggers, the more ways you will find to monetize your content and your brand. Over time you can grow your blog into a profitable business that fits within your ideal lifestyle.

Above I’ve outlined 15 different ways I have made money from the Millennial Money platform in the past year. None of these ideas is specific to money blogging and you can use them for almost any niche.

One tip – if a brand reaches out and wants to advertise on your website or buy a sponsored blog post, you can typically make a lot more money by selling them a package deal that includes a few of the ideas below. If you want it and keep at it, you can become a millionaire blogger.

Seriously, the first year might be pretty hard, but not only does it get easier after the first year, but you can also start making a lot more money. Happy Blogging!

Have you started a blog? How do you make money?

How To Avoid Depression? Depression is a mental illness. It’s not a physical ailments. Physical ailments are natural. We have to face seasonal fever, decentry, fissures, sugar, hypertension, goll bladder stone and so on. But mental disorders come stealthily and silently. So mental illness and stress, depression is the inner problem of a man. So, how to overcome this fatal disease? I shall try to talk with the precautions when one has to face depression. Be Careful to Avoid Depression -What Not To Do: Do not seek solace in Alcohol or DrugsDo not isolate yourself from family and friendsAvoid excessive and unhealthy eatingDo not dwell on past mistakesDon’t take sugar. Be Alert: When fluctuations in the hormone levelIf you have genetical historyDuring some medical conditionPost – surgery reaction Be cool and calm in fix Moreover, Yoga is must to overcome depression. B.K.S. Iyenger perfectly told: ” Yoga allows you to find on inner peace that is not ruffled and riled by the endless stress and struggles of life.” Practising Yoga regularly can kick off stress and depression. It’s one of the best methods to lighten our grave mood and keep depression at bay. Yoga poses increase blood circulation to the brain and enable the production of mood-elevating hormones. The practise of yoga doesn’t have any adverse side – effects, which make it a better option as compared to other medications for depression. # Some effective yoga poses to fight against depression are mentioned here: Balasana ( Child Pose )Setubandhasana ( Bridge Pose )Urdhva Mukha Svanasana ( Upward facing Dog Pose )Adho Mukha Svanasana ( Downward-facing Dog Pose )Halasana ( Plow Pose )Uttanasana ( Standing Forward Fold Pose )Savasana ( Corpse Pose )Besides, We should practice regularly the Asana, Mudra, and Pranayama: The Sun SalutationThe Shoulder Stand ( Sarvangasana )Alternate Breathing( Anuloma – Viloma )Bumble Bee Breathing

Ai Giri Nandini Lyrics In Bengali. Shree Mahishasura Mardini Stotram Meaning. Maa Durga – The Daughter of the Mountain and Joy of the World. ।।১।।অয়ি গিরিনন্দিনি নন্দিতমেদিনি বিশ্ব-বিনোদিনি নন্দনুতেগিরিবরবিন্ধ শিরো‌ধিনিবাসিনি বিষ্ণু-বিলাসিনি জিষ্ণুনুতে,ভগবতি হে শিতিকণ্ঠ-কুটুম্বিণি ভূরিকুটুম্বিণি ভূরিকৃতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে। Meaning: O daughter of the mountain, who makes the whole earth happy, who makes the whole universe rejoice, praised by Nandin |dwelling on the peak of the great Vindhya mountain, glittering widely, praised by those desirous of victory |O Goddess, wife of the blue-necked Siva, One who has many families, One who has done a lot, |be victorious, be the victorious, O destroyer of the demon Mahisasura, with beautiful braids of hair, daughter of the mountain Himalaya ||Maa Durga – Destroys the Danavas and the Daityas and Nourishes the Three Worlds. ।।২।।সুরবরবর্ষিণি দুর্ধর ধর্ষিণি দুর্মুখমর্ষিণি হর্ষরতেত্রিভুবন পোষিণি শংকরতোষিণি কিল্বিষমোষিণি ঘোষরতে,দনুজনিরোষিণি দিতিসুতরোষিণি দুর্মদ শোষিণি সিন্ধুসুতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O bestower of boons on Gods, One who assails those hard to control, who tolerate those with ugly faces (?), one engrossed in rejoicing |One who nourishes the three worlds, One who pleases Sankara, One who removes sins, One who engrosses in the sound of Om (?) |One who is angry with the progeny of Danu (demon), One who is angry with the sons of Diti (also demon), One who destroys those with evil the intoxication of pride, daughter of the ocean ||Maa Durga – Destroyer of the Demons Madhu and Kaitabha. ।।৩।।অযি জগদম্ব মদম্ব কদম্ব বনপ্রিয়বাসিনি হাসরতেশিখরিশিরোমণি তুঙ্গহিমালয় শৃংগনিজালয় মধ্যগতে,মধু মধু রে মধুকৈটভ গঞ্জিনি কৈটভ ভঞ্জিনি রাসরতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O mother of the world, my mother, One who loves to dwell in a forest of Kadamba trees, One who keeps on smiling |One who is on her dwelling on the tall peak of the Himalaya, the greatest among the mountains. Very sweet one, One who has the treasure of demons Madhu and Amitabha, destroyer of the demon Kaitabha, engaged in dancing ||Maa Durga – Destroyer of the Demons Chanda and Munda. ।।৪।।অয়ি শতখণ্ড বিখণ্ডিতরুণ্ড বিতুণ্ডিতশুণ্ড গজাধিপতেরিপুগজগণ্ড বিদারণচণ্ড পরাক্রমশুণ্ড মৃগাধিপতে,নিজভুজ-দণ্ড নিপাতিত-খণ্ড বিপাতিত-মুণ্ড ভটাধিপতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O One who split the heads (of demons) into hundreds of pieces and One who cut the trunks of great battle elephants |whose great lion is skilled in terrifying valour in tearing apart the temples of enemy elephants |One who has cut down into pieces the heads of the enemy chieftain with the strength of her arms ||Maa Durga – Made Lord Shiva the Messenger against Shumbha and Nisumbha. ।।৫।।অয়ি রণদুর্মদ শত্রুবধোদিত দুর্ধরনির্জর শক্তিভৃতেচতুরবিচার ধুরীণ মহাশিবদূতকৃত প্রমথাধিপতে,দুরিত দুরীহ দুরাশয় দুর্মতি দানবদূত কৃতান্তমতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O One who holds the invincible and undiminishing striking force which arose on the occasion of killing the enemies who were hard to subdue on the battlefield |who made Pramatha, the great attendant of Shiva, a leader in subtle thinking, her commander (?) |who decided to destroy the messenger of demons who were sinful, with evil intentions, thoughts and mind ||Maa Durga – Pardons the Enemy Heroes when their Wives take Refuge. ।।৬।।অয়ি শরণাগত বৈরিবধূবর বীরবরাভয দায়করেত্রিভুবন মস্তক শূলবিরোধি শিরোধি কৃতামল শূলকরে,দুমিদুমি তামর দুন্দুভিনাদ মহো মুখরীকৃত তিগ্মকরেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O One who gives protection to the great heroic husbands of the enemy wives who have come seeking refuge |One who holds in her hands a spotless spear pointed towards the head of the opponent who is causing great pain for all the three worlds |One who is like the blazing hot sun, aroused by the power of resounding noise of the drums of Gods ||Maa Durga – Destroyer of the Demons Dhumralocana, Raktabija and Shumbha Nishumbha. ।।৭।।অয়ি নিজ হুংকৃতি মাত্র নিরাকৃত ধূম্র বিলোচন ধূম্রশতেসমর বিশোষিত শোণিত বীজ সমুদ্ভব শোণিত বীজলতে,শিব শিব শুম্ভ নিশুম্ভ মহাহব তর্পিত ভূত পিশাচরতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O One who has blown aside hundreds of streams of smoke coming from demons with smoking eyes merely with her roaring |who is like a vine of blood-drops grown from the dried blood drops in battle |One who delights in the company of auspicious Shiva, Shumbha, Nishumbha, and the spirits who were fed during the great battle. ||Maa Durga – Destroys the Chaturanga of the Enemy. ।।৮।।ধনুরনুষঙ্গ রণক্ষণসঙ্গ পরিস্ফুরদঙ্গ নটৎকটকেকনক পিশঙ্গ পৃষৎকনিষঙ্গ রসদ্ভট শৃংগ হতাবটুকে,কৃত চতুরঙ্গ বলক্ষিতি রঙ্গ ঘটদ্বহুরঙ্গ রটদ্বটুকেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: One who decks herself with dancing ornaments on throbbing limbs at the moment of the battle, making her bow ready |who killed the huge enemy soldiers with a shining sword and with(arrows from) a quiver which has golden brown spots |who made the battleground with a fourfold army into a stage with a colourful drama with screaming little soldiers ||Maa Durga – Whose Battle expresses as Celestial Dance. ।।৯।।সুরললনা ততথেয়ি তথেয়ি তথাভিনয়োদর নৃত্য় রতেকৃত কুকুথ কুকুথো গডদাদিক তাল কুতূহল দানরতে,ধুধুকুট ধুককুট দিহিং ধিমিত ধ্বনি ধীর মৃদঙ্গ নিনাদরতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্য়কপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O you who take the dancing of the heavenly damsels made excellent by the acting out of tatatheyi-they-that/that! O you who are full of laughter, amorous gestures and hula (meaning uncertain, but probably something along the lines of abandon)! O you who possess immeasurable love for afflicted persons bowing before you (i.e., seeking refuge in you)! O you who rejoice in the sustained/deep sound, Shamika Ta-dhikka Ta-Radhika Tadhimi, of the mRdaGgadrum! Ovanquisher of the demon MahiSa! O one bearing attractive knotted hair! O daughter of the mountain! Victory to you!Maa Durga – Occupies Half of the Body of Lord Shiva।।১০।।জয় জয় জপ্যজয়ে জয় শব্দপরস্তুতি তৎপর বিশ্বনুতেঝণঝণ ঝিঞ্জিমি ঝিঙ্কৃতনূপুর সিঞ্জিত মোহিত ভূতপতে,নটিত নটার্ধ নটীনটনায়ক নাটিতনাট্য সুগানরতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Be victorious! be victorious! whose victory should be sung, praised by the whole universe ready to sing the praise extolling her victory |who attracted the attention of shiva by the twinkling of bells making various sounds of dancing |who delights in beautiful singing and dance-drama presented by a leading dancer acting out the role of an actress with half of his body ||Maa Durga – Union of Beautiful Mind and Charming Appearance. ।।১১।।অয়ি সুমনঃ সুমনঃ সুমনঃ সুমনঃ সুমনোহর কান্তিয়ুতেশ্রিত রজনী রজনী রজনী রজনী রজনীকর বক্ত্রবৃতে,সুনয়ন বিভ্রমর ভ্রমর ভ্রমর ভ্রমর ভ্রমরাধিপতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুরমর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O One who has a flower-like a complexion attractive to the good heart of the good-hearted people |(the meaning of this part is unclear, the last word seems to mean”surrounded by the face of the moon” )(the meaning of this compound is not clear)Maa Durga – Accompanied by Army of Jasmine-Like Girls against excellent Fighters. ।।১২।।সহিত মহাহব মল্লম তল্লিক মল্লিত রল্লক মল্লরতেবিরচিত বল্লিক পল্লিক মল্লিক ঝিল্লিক ভিল্লিক বর্গবৃতে,সিতকৃত ফুল্লি সমুল্ল সিতা‌রুণ তল্লজ পল্লব সল্ললিতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Salutations to the Divine Mother who is accompanied in the great battle against excellent wrestlers (fighters), by girls who appear tender like jasmine who are fighting against the enemies.whose accompaniments are composed of girls from the wheel tribe who are tenders like creepers of village jasmine and buzz like swarms of bees (or crickets)?On whose face plays a smile created By joy which appears like dawn shining forth with red colour and blossoming the excellent buds.Victory to you, the destroyer of the demon Mahishasura, who has beautiful locks of hair and who is the daughter of the mountain.Maa Durga – From Whom Emerges all Arts, Beauty and Power. ।।১৩।।অবিরল গণ্ডগলন মদ মেদুর মত্ত মতঙ্গজ রাজপতেত্রিভুবন ভূষণভূত কলানিধি রূপ পয়োনিধি রাজসুতে,অয়ি সুদতী জন লালস মানস মোহন মন্মধ রাজসুতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Who is in charge of huge royal elephants in fury whose rut is streaming down their temples incessantly |princess, the daughter of the ocean, who has the beauty of the moon, the ornament of all the three worlds |princess of cupid who enchants the minds desirous of ladies with beautiful teeth ||Maa Durga – Whose Forehead is Stainless and Pure like a Lotus Petal. ।।১৪।।কমল দলামল কোমল কান্তি কলা কলিতা‌মল ভালতলেসকল বিলাস কলা নিলয়ক্রম কেলি চলতকল হংসকুলে,অলিকুল সংকুল কুবলয় মন্ডল মৌলিমিলদভ কুলালিকুলেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Whose spotless forehead is enhanced by the beautiful complexion, pure and delicate like that of lotus petals |whose flock of swans is moving sportingly with steps which are the marks of all beautiful arts |whose bees from the Bakula trees meet on the tops of lotus flowers which are crowded with (their own) bees ||Maa Durga – Whose Voice is Sweeter than Flute and Cuckoo. ।।১৫।। কর মুরলী রব বীজিত কূজিত লজ্জিত কোকিল মঞ্জু মতেমিলিত পুলিন্দ মনোহর গুঞ্জিত রঞ্জিত শৈল নিকুঞ্জগতে,নিজগণভূত মহাশবরীগণ সদগুণ-সংভৃত কেলিতলেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Whose sweet cooing sounds made with the flute held in her own hands have put to shame the Kokila bird and who has sweet thoughts |who is in colourful mountain groves pleasantly resounding with the assembled mountain folks |whose playground is filled with good qualities of the flocks of the great tribal women who are manifestations of her qualities ||Maa Durga – On Whose Radiant Toe-Nails Prostate the Devas and the Asuras. ।।১৬।।কটিতট পীত দুকূল বিচিত্র ময়ূখ তিরস্কৃত চন্দ্ররুচেপ্রণত সুরাসুর মৌলিমণিস্ফুর দংশুল সন্নথ চন্দ্ররুচে,জিত কনকাচল মৌলি পদোর্জিত নির্ভর কুঞ্জর কুম্ভকুচেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Who has set aside the brilliance of the moon with the colourful rays coming from the yellow silk she is wearing on her waist |whose toe-nails shine like the moon because of the rays emanating from the crest jewels of the bowing gods and demons |whose breasts outshine the temples of wild elephants and the high peaks of the golden mountains ||Maa Durga – Who is Pleased with Devotional Contemplation of both: like Suratha as well as Samadhi. ।।১৭।। বিজিত সহস্র করৈক সহস্র করৈক সহস্র করৈকনুতেকৃত সুরতারক সঙ্গর তারক সঙ্গর তারকসূনু সুতে।সুরথ সমাধি সমান সমাধি সমাধি সমাধি সুজাত রতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: Who has set aside the brilliance of the moon with the colourful rays coming from the yellow silk she is wearing on her waist |whose toe-nails shine like the moon because of the rays emanating from the crest jewels of the bowing gods and demons |whose breasts outshine the temples of wild elephants and the high peaks of the golden mountains ||Maa Durga – An Abode of Devi Mahalakshmi. ।।১৮।।পদকমলং করুণানিলয়ে বরিবস্য়তি য়ো‌নুদিনং ন শিবেঅয়ি কমলে কমলানিলয়ে কমলানিলয়ঃ স কথং ন ভবেত,তব পদমেব পরম্পদ-মিত্য়নুশীলয়তো মম কিং ন শিবেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O benevolent goddess accompanied by Shiva, if someone daily cherishes your lotus-like feet |(contd. from prev line) then, O lotus dwelling Lakshmi, how will he not become wealthy? |O auspicious Goddess, is there anything that I would not have if I earnestly believe that your feet are the highest goal to be achieved? ||Maa Durga – An Abode of Devi Mahasaraswati. ।।১৯।।কনকলসত্কল-সিন্ধুজলৈরনু সিঞ্জিনুতে গুণ রঙ্গভুবমভজতি স কিং নু শচীকুচকুম্ভত তটী পরিরম্ভ সুখানুভবম,তব চরণং শরণং করবাণি নতামরবাণি নিবাশি শিবমজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: If someone bathes you, the playground of virtues, with shining golden waters of the ocean |will he not experience in heaven the happiness (equal to that of Indra) embracing the full bosom of Sachi? |O Goddess worshipped by the speech of Gods, I take refuge in your feet, which are also the abode of Shiva ||Maa Durga – Whose Pure Moon-Like Face Subdues our Impurities. ।।২০।। তব বিমলে‌ন্দু কলং বদনেন্দু মলং সকলং ননু কূলয়তেকিমু পুরুহূত-পুরীংদুমুখী-সুমুখীভিরসৌ-বিমুখী-ক্রিয়তে,মম তু মতং শিবনাম-ধনে ভবতী-কৃপয়া কিমুত ক্রিয়তেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: He who sufficiently dedicates himself to your entire moon-like face, which is as bright as a host of spotless moons |will he be turned away (in heaven) by the moon-faced beauties of the city of Indra? |(the text of this line is unclear) }Maa Durga – Who Shower Grace on Devotees in the same manner as Arrows on Enemies. ।।২১।।অয়ি ময়ি দীনদয়ালুতয়া করুণাপরয়া ভবিতব্য়মুমেঅয়ি জগতো জননী কৃপয়াসি য়থাসি তথানু মিতাসি রতে,য়দুচিতমত্র ভবত্য়ুররী কুরুতা-দুরুতাপম পাকুরুতেজয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্যকপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে,জয় জয় হে মহিষাসুর-মর্দিনি রম্য়কপর্দিনি শৈলসুতে।Meaning: O Uma, you should be kindly disposed toward me because of your virtue of compassion toward the meek.

Why India is the Most Depressed Country?

‘Mental pain is less dramatic than physical pain, but it is more common and also harder to bear

– C.S Lewis

Why India is the most depressed country in the world? According to the World Health Organisation, India is most depressed country followed by China and the USA. China, India and the US are the most affected countries by anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, according to WHO.

India

We have discussed in the previous post how insurgency deeply affected the people of Kashmir and Seven Sisters of northeast.

A study reported in WHO, conducted for the NCMH (National Care Of Medical Health), states that at least 6.5 per cent of the Indian population suffers from some form of the serious mental disorder, with no discernible rural-urban differences.

Unemployment and poverty are the major reasons in the development of depression in India. After attaining higher education youths are unable to have a satisfactory job.

Lack of proper consciousness pertaining to mental health is another cause. I have told about insurgency and the activities of extremists in some provinces of our country. Unfortunately it is a consistent cause which our government has been facing for a uncertain periods.

I think there are several factors ranging from irregular income to domestic abuse causes depression to develop in individuals. Their ability to access counselling or medicine makes it even worse for them, often culminating in suicides

Though there are effective measures and treatments, there is an extreme shortage of mental health workers like psychologists, psychiatrists, and doctors. As reported latest in 2014, it was as low as ”one in 100,000 people”. The average suicide rate in India is 10.9 for every lakh people and the majority of people who commit suicide are below 44 years of age.

A study surveyed over 10,000 Indians to understand how they have been coping with the new normal.

According to the study, 26 per cent respondents were suffering from mild depression, 11 per cent were feeling moderately depressed, and six per cent were facing severe symptoms of depression.

“The last five months have been unexpected. The situation has taken a major toll on the mental health.

With the series of lockdowns, anxiety, job cuts, health scares, and the overall volatile environment, stress levels are at an all-time high.

“Copious amounts of stress can lead to depression. With the current lockdown and lifestyles drastically changing, we have seen that 43 per cent of Indians are currently plagued with depression and are learning to cope with it,” the study said.

To monitor the severity of depression in the respondents, the study relied on self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire or PHQ-9 (a form of primary care evaluation of mental disorders).

It took into account nine aspects of an individual’s daily routine, including interest levels in activities, appetite, sleep cycles, ability to concentrate, and energy levels.

“Our study indicates that an increasing number of people across the country are dealing with mental health issues triggered by the spread of the corona virus.

“The mounting uncertainty is the basis of the high stress index which can be controlled with a balanced diet, changes in lifestyle and appropriate sleep patterns,” said Vishal Gondal, Founder and CEO, GOQii.

Those feeling depressed complained of having little interest or pleasure in doing things, feeling hopeless, dealing with erratic sleep cycles, poor eating habits, low levels of energy, low self esteem, having trouble concentrating, being restless, and having thoughts of self harm.

“More than 59 per cent of the population said they had little pleasure in doing things these days, out of which 38 per cent have this feeling on a few days and 9 per cent feel so more than half of the days. Nearly 12 per cent felt this way almost every day in these times,” the study said.

It pointed out that more than 57 per cent of the respondents complained of feeling tired or having little energy through “at least some days in the last few weeks”.

Why India is most depressed country? Image: http://www.kalpatarurudra.org/jpg

“At least more than 15 per cent have this feeling more than half of the days. This leads to some people sleeping too much while some others have trouble sleeping.

“With the change in lifestyle, approximately half of the population is having trouble with their sleep,” the study said.

“At least 7 per cent of the population goes through this nearly every day while 33 per cent experience it on a few days,” it added.

Feeling hopeless, on the other hand, was not so common among the respondents. Only 10 per cent of them said they felt “down and depressed” more than half of the days or nearly every day.

The study suggested that adding exercising to one’s daily routine could help improve their mental health.

“Exercising can lead to endorphins (the happy hormone) which can help with depression. The more depressed you are, the more likely you are to not workout.

“But, it is important to cajole yourself into doing more things that make you feel happier,” it said.

Depression in Seniors:

In India, 30 per cent of the 103 million people above the age of 60 display symptoms of depression, according to a recent government survey. It estimated that 8.3 per cent of the country’s elderly population have probable major depression. This means, one in every 12 elderly person in the country have had depression. 

The prevalence figure is 10 times higher than the self-reported diagnosed depression of 0.8 per cent in the elderly population, pointing at the burden of undiagnosed cases, the report said.

Among the people who are of 45 to 59 years of age, 26 per cent show depressive symptoms.

The first chapter of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) was conducted by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare between April 2017 and December 2018 on 72,250 older adults aged 45 years and above. The report was published on Wednesday.

More elderly women (9 per cent) have prevalence of probable major depression than men (7 per cent). Also, the figure is higher among rural residents (9 per cent) than their urban counterparts (6 per cent). The report also says that 10 per cent of the elderly population who live alone suffer from depression.

The study shows 3 per cent of all the elderly have some form of mental impairment.

Fewer people above the age of 60 who have 10 or more years of schooling (5 per cent) have depression than those with less than primary education (9 per cent).  

Over a tenth of the elderly population have probable major depression in Madhya Pradesh (17 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (14 per cent), Delhi (11 per cent), Bihar (10 per cent), and Goa (10 per cent).

Among the older adults above the age of 45 years, over 60% were hospitalised at a private facility in the 12 months prior to the survey. The mean out-of-pocket expenditure in private health facility among the elderly is Rs 31,933 compared to Rs 71,232 among those aged 45 to 59.  

The highest mean out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure is reported in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (Rs 10,368) followed by

Himachal Pradesh (Rs 3,477), Nagaland (Rs 3,288) and Meghalaya (Rs 3,152). Tamil Nadu (Rs 641), Gujarat (Rs 644), and Puducherry (Rs 645) reported lower mean OOP expenditure on outpatient care.

Around 6 per cent of the country’s elderly population live on their own while 5.2 per cent have said they have faced ill treatment at home in the one year preceding the survey.

How to Overcome Depression?

With the WHO stepping up to encourage people to come forward and talk about depression and making the disease one of the main talking point of World Health Day, 2017. The condition is gradually making itself heard in mainstream conversation.

The government and other NGOs, also mental health workers are now trying to reach out to more people and asking them to come forward with their condition. It’s only then possible to further research about causes and solutions on depression properly.

Government should provide low cost access to mental healthcare and medicine so that the common people can be treated depression and get free it leading a joyful life.

How to battle depression

Finding meaning in life through love and work and being socially connected are important

We became felt immense agony when we listened to a bright star in Bollywood ended his life owing to depression. When a young person who had many years of productive life left, who was a National Olympiad Winner in Physics, and who left a career in mechanical engineering to become a talented and popular actor, takes such an extreme step.

It’s a collective loss to the nation. He was also a budding entrepreneur. It is sad that a prodigious actor and an exceptional citizen is no longer with us.

Also read :

Life is sometimes filled with anxiety, internal conflict, disharmony, uncertainty and fear of the unknown. These thoughts give way to myriad feelings.

One tends to feel like a stranger to one’s self. COVID-19 has acted as a catalyst inducing angst in the life of individuals who are already stressed because of various factors and modern lifestyles.

Stress in modern life

There are many factors that cause stress in modern life. They include more engagement with technology and less with people; more focus on “success” (the ends) rather than the process of learning (the means); never-ending aspirations; relationship issues; impatience while doing tasks.

This is a generation looking for instant gratification; and too many choices and the limitations of the human mind to choose wisely.

With the bridging of gender inequalities, increase in employment of women, growth and development of urban and peri-urban areas, interference of the media and social media in every aspect of life, and disruption in the traditional joint family system, there is an underlying strain on the socio-cultural fabric. Some of this stress, if not handled well, can push human beings into depression.

Some interesting cases and studies throw light on the coping mechanisms for anxiety and depression. Viktor Frankl, who was detained in Nazi concentration camps, studied the source of depression and found that it is the lack of meaning in life.

Individuals who are able to discover meaning tend to achieve the will and strength to endure life.

That brings us to the next question: how do we find meaning in life? Meaning can be found in love and work. Love for fellow beings is what motivates a person to work or take action. If we can base our actions and work on a shared love for family members and society at large, we can find effective meaning in life. ‘The Art of Living’ involves managing the self for others.

We have already discussed about our great poet, Rabindranath Tagore who had to face depression and was going to suicide.

Read here: http://www.kalpatarurudra.org /Rabindranath and depression

Prescriptions for depression and anxiety can be found in the writings of Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore believed that being socially connected was an antidote to the mental estrangement that plague-affected people were undergoing in 1918.

Tagore was aware that such a wildly contagious disease was likely to cause panic among the students. He organised many events in the Ashram which ensured that social connections existed despite physical distance.

In an essay, he suggested that we generate bonhomie between the affected and those who were not, because the ill were not the enemy; the illness was.

For immunity from psychological suffering, what was required was a design of togetherness, which Tagore insisted was ingrained in the famous Rig Vedic dicta, Yatra Visvam Bhavati Ekanidam (where the whole world meets in a single nest) and Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family).

Connecting with friends and family members:

Besides finding meaning in life, social connect is very important. I feel that positive and continuous communication is the key to end the misery of anxiety, depression and stress to achieve higher levels of well-being.

This is an earnest request to all the students and teachers who are under any form of stress, or tend to feel depressed, to reach out and talk to people, whether friends or relatives.

Generally a depressed person may not want to connect initially. Therefore, I appeal to family, relatives and friends to watch out for signs in their near and dear ones of persistent sadness, aloofness, loss of interest in activities and appetite, negative thoughts including about self-harm, and provide immediate support and connect.

We must not stigmatise the condition of mental health issues; it can happen to anyone. Instead, let us support our family and friends to tide over the difficult times with love and care. In doing so, we will overcome from this silent disease.

Depression and Insurgency

We have discussed depression in the characters of Ramayana and Mahabharata in my previous posts. Mental trauma perhaps didn’t occur to common folks. Before modern era, Indian common citizen was accustomed in simple living and high thinking.

Depression is the outcome of modern lifestyle and culture. Modern people are running towards physical amusement and worldly longings. They want to fetch limitless prosperity. Naturally when it’s not possible to earn, they are going through a mental trauma.

Especially Educated youths are in great trauma due to the unavailability of jobs. The security of women, economically and socially, are diminishing. Society is changing, so the new generation. They are choosing their life partner. So if it’s up to the mark, then fine. If not, it will be troublesome. Therefore, they have to face mental trauma.

Mental, physical and social health, are vital strands of life that are closely interwoven and deeply interdependent. Mental disorders affect people of all countries and societies, individuals at all ages, women and men, the rich and the poor, from urban and rural environments.

Depression is more likely following particular classes of experience – those involving conflict, disruption, losses and experiences of humiliation or entrapment. Many people living amidst the rages of conflict suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.

Today, we shall try to find out the depression in the people of Kashmir where the people had to face a long term insurgency.

Depression in the Population of Kashmir:

To determine the characteristics of depression in the population in Kashmir where a low-intensity-conflict has been going on for the last two decades.

The non-combatant civilian population was surveyed. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to measure symptoms of depression in community populations.

Due to continuing conflict in Kashmir during the last 18 years there has been a phenomenal increase in psychiatric morbidity. The results reveal that the prevalence of depression is 55.72%. The prevalence is highest (66.67%) in the 15 to 25 years age group, followed by 65.33% in the 26 to 35 years age group.

Females have an overall prevalence of 60 per cent while as males have 51.34 per cent. Significant difference in the prevalence of depression among males and females is in the age group of 36 to 45 years and 46 to 55 years who have p values of 0.005 and 0.013 respectively.

Females have a higher prevalence of depression in all the age groups than males and it is highest in the age group 26 to 35 years (68.66%). Females in the age group of 15–25 years also have similar prevalence rate of depression (68.64%). In males prevalence of depression is highest in the age group of 15–25 years (64.61%) followed by 62.65% in the age group of 26 to 35 years (62.65%). 

The difference in the prevalence of depression among males and females is significant. Depression is much higher in rural areas (84.73%) as compared to urban areas (15.26%). In rural areas the prevalence of depression among females is higher (93.10 %) as compared to males (6.8%).

How To Control It?

Mental health is an integral part of overall health and quality of life. Effective evidence-based programs and policies are available to promote mental health, enhance resilience, reduce risk factors, increase protective factors, and prevent mental and behavioural disorders.

Innovative community-based health programmes which are culturally and gender appropriate and reaches out to all segments of the population need to be developed. Substantial and sustainable improvements can be achieved only when a comprehensive strategy for mental health which incorporates both prevention and care elements is adopted.

0 World Health Organization has ranked depression as the fourth among the list of the most urgent health problems worldwide and has predicted it to become number two in terms of disease burden by 2020 overriding diabetes, cancer, arthritis etc.

The magnitude, suffering and burden in terms of disability and costs for individuals, families and societies are staggering . Mental disorders are universal, affecting people of all countries and societies, individuals at all ages, women and men, the rich and the poor, from urban and rural environments.

Mental functioning is fundamentally interconnected with physical and social functioning and health outcomes. The mental health is influenced by displacement through conflict and war, by stresses on families, and by economic adversity.

For the many persons who face uncertain futures (including those by conflict or disasters), the burden of serious emotional and behavioural disorders afflicts their lives. Many people living amidst the rages of conflict suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.

At the dawn of a new millennium, communities and societies increasingly face situations of armed conflict. While this trend is apparent in different parts of the world, it is of particular concern to the South Asian region.

Violence is a phenomenon intrinsic to class-based societies which are inherently unequal and oppressive. Violence here may either take implicit forms in the manner of institutionalized oppression and inequality, or a more explicit form of state oppression through the use of state sanctioned institutions, such as the police, the military and courts.

It could even assume a more direct form, whereby civilians manage the task of a weakened state through militia groupings. Large-scale violence may also take the form of mass uprisings against the oppression of dominant classes. Civilians are increasingly being targeted in these episodes of contemporary violence.

To reduce military casualties, civilians are used as protective shields; torture, rape and executions are carried out to undermine morale and to eradicate the cultural links and self-esteem of the population.

Most civilians witness war-related traumatic events such as shooting, killing, rape and loss of family members. The extent of psychosocial problems that results from this mass exposure to traumatic events can ultimately threaten the prospects for long-term stability in society.

Despite growing evidence over the past two decades of the terror – both of the physical and mental dimensions of war upon civilians – much of post-conflict activity tends to concentrate on physical reconstruction – roads, bridges and buildings.

Moreover, even though psychological and psychic injuries can have more damaging, long-term consequences as other injuries from a situation of conflict, they remain undetected and distanced from any plans for rehabilitation. Partly this is because these injuries are difficult to fathom in terms of the enormity of scale and the delayed manifestation of symptoms which can sometimes take years to surface. Physical violence may be easier to identify, name and quantify than psychic or symbolic violence.

Kashmir has been regarded by many as heaven on earth. Its splendid beauty and hospitable population is legendary. Over the past 18 years Kashmir became associated with violence.

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of depression in the non-combatant civilian population of Kashmir where a low-intensity conflict has been going on for more than 18 years. Study was conducted during 2005–06.

Security concerns are amongst the dominant themes in the minds of people living in Kashmir. This owes to the fact that death, injury, destruction of property is the notable features of life here due to conflict, disturbances and turmoil for the last 18 years.

Many have suffered tragic incidents of a war-like situation, which by their nature are beyond the endurance of common man. Many are witness to bloodshed that is characteristic of such situation. Thousands of people have lost their lives or limbs, and thousands have been rendered orphans and widows. Scores have disappeared. A colossal damage to property is evident.

Many educational and healthcare institutions have suffered damages. Those who have survived all this, continue to be reminded of their vulnerability through the media of killings that make the headlines almost daily.

Moreover, with disruption of development works consequent upon warlike situation, added concerns are unemployment, poverty, relationships etc.

A vicious circle of events has been created comprising torture, disappearances, displacement, killings, ballistic trauma, etc. paralleled by a state of mind wherein grieving, insecurity, oppression, poverty, uncertainties of career and relationships etc. are the major themes.

DEPRESSION A SILENT PANDEMIC

                               

• Modern Society and Mental Stress.                                                  •  How to Overcome Depression?

• The Various Causes Of Mental Illness

Do you know that the modern world passing through a hectic schedule and almost all people are facing mental trouble due to that? As a result, stress and depression a silent pandemic is growing in the world.

Today’s modern society having a lot of painful diseases the most and dreadful one is mental stress and depressions.

We have lost so many dear and near one as recently spreading out the pandemic “ Covid 19”. Our colleagues, friends, relatives, known and unknown people are not happy because of demise of their parents, or their adjacent neighbourhood.

Not only Covid, modern times give us so many mental troubles though it has also provided us  a comfortable life. In spite of that we are not happy and contented .

Stress – free life is not the consequences of modern life. More or less, we have to face mental stress and anxiety in our daily lives.

What is Stress?

Stress is the feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with mental or emotional pressure. Stress effects everyone. All of us experience stress from time to time.

Why difference from other Diseases?

Mental health disorder is somewhat different from other diseases. There must be a cause behind any physical disease. It may be affected by any germ or viruses, but the cause behind mental disorders are not germs or viruses.

Cause Behind the Mental Illness:

Mental stress and tension creates underneath the mind a kind of panic, restlessness, fears of death, loss of property or money, insecurity in life and so on.

It generally borne out from the imbalance of body and mind. We can say that mental illness like stress, anxiety, depression – all these disease grow up from Psychosomatic disease.

What’s actually Psychosomatic?

The word “ Psyche “ means Mind and “ Soma “ means Body. The main role acts behind this disease is our competitive upbringing and fast growing modern lifestyle.

The more we are running to achieve success in love and life, the more we are forwarding  towards a personal longing where there is a hope, the more we have to encounter with the uncertainty of lives, the more we are to face mental fatigue. The massive mental fatigue syndrome turns out to mental illness.

We sometimes relinquish it, but it gradually increases  problems. Perhaps we may not able to get a sound sleeps. Busy scheduled, hectic workload might be the cause of mental disorders. We can’t keep pace with the massive routine of daily tasks. So the result is stress and anxiety.

Some Stories: Depression A Silent Pandemic:

Since ancient times people expressed their feelings of depression. Today, what we call as a disease of passion, – in which there is mental depression in one side, and other side is reckless amusement and worldly pleasure. We can find such restless minds, reckless amusement and pleasure and ultimately victims of depression in our mythology and history.

 In Old Testament, there is a memorable  story of depressing king. His name is king Sal. The great epic of Homer’s “ Illiad “, the Epic- poet describes a picture of suicide of Ajacks, which took place due to mental depression.

Four hundred years  before the birth of Jesus Christ, Hippocrates described about depression of mind. There he used a  word “ Melancholia” in this description. Still we are using this word as a definition of depression.

Roman Doctor, Aulas Kornelious Selsus in his book “ Di Re Medicine” explained the cause of depression. He guessed black bile juice as the cause of depression. The origin of the Greek word “Melancholia” comes from it. ‘ Melan’ means black and ‘ Chol ‘means bile ( Pitto ).

In the history of ancient Indian medicine “ Ayurveda “, the wise doctors said that the sound health of body and mind depends on the balance of four physical juices.

We noticed so many descriptions of mental depression in our old manuscripts and epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. A lot of facts about suicide due to depression had been depicted there.

King Dasharath And Depression :

Like common people, King Dasharatha had to face depression three times in his gorgeous and stupendous life. King was attacked by depressions. First depression came to his mind when he incidentally killed a son of a blind parents.

Second time Dasharatha felt depressed when his most adorable and dearest hermit Rishi Viswamitra left from him along with his offsprings.

Third and finally, he became depressed when his two sons Rama and Laxmana left their kingdom along with Sita as they were exiled for fourteen years.

 Ultimately, he became felt  unwell due their absence. Melancholy was his companion unto the last breath. In Ramayana, it’s described that Dasharatha had been suffering from long time mental pain, sorrows, and the disruption of peace.

Even his father, King Aja died fifteen years after his wife, Indumoti’s untimely death. During fifteen years he had been suffering from depression. It’s  due to melancholy. Grief and isolation wrapped him up  for a long time. He did not have any foods and naturally had died unfed.

Depression The Silent Pandemic & Godly Man Rama :

Rama, the godly man was also attacked by depression when he was only 15 years old. In Ramayana, the poet describes the depressive state of mind :

Once the physique of Prince Rama was vibrant, now it turns into sicky, feeble and unfolding. He looks like a cloudy and depressed just like a draughted   river. He has lost his glamour of physical body due to depressions. His bloody calm and quite face and his bright eyes turn into Teddy like a white padma.

Rama used to sit on padmasona ( yoga posture) keeping his one hand under the face. He is very thoughtful and sorrowful. He has not concerned about his daily activities. He is in deep sorrows and despair.

No one couldn’t understand why Rama is in this state of mind. His followers and nearer one asks him why he is in this state of mind? But Rama won’t reply to this question. Only being despair and depressed he ate something and very unconsciously do some work.

 The modern medical science describes some characteristics or symptoms of depression like rickety, loss of appetite, unwilling to perform any work, forgetful mind, anxiety, lethargy, mood swings, over passionate or zero interested, not interested in moving anywhere, cloudy mind, absent of mind, sicky complexion etc. We see some  similar characteristics in the appearance and attitudes of godly man, Rama.

This kind of sorrowfulness, melancholic attitude of one’s mind sometimes acts like a infective disease. We become involved in it and feel sorrow and pain.

Naturally when we see in film the melancholy appearance of the actor who is acting as Rama, we are saddened being involved. According to Aristatle, it’s called as “ Cathersesis”.

But the poet didn’t refer any incident for the cause of depression faced by Rama. There was no incident behind Rama’s depression. The Priest of the kingdom says that there is no worldly discontent of Rama. Anything, worldly consumption he had not willing to have. Or this state of Rama’s mind is neither for loss of anything, not for any accident, or sudden  death of nearest one. This grief, suffering and sadness is from inner world.

We can’t get any sources of information about this melancholy. It’s different from the any other mental depression .

Ram Chandra again absorbed by the depression at the age of 18. The Raj – Vaidya Bashistha gave him some spiritual advice and Rama felt well.

It’s truth that when we are to face any trouble and become restless and depressed, reading Gita every day is a fantabulous remedy for a steady flow of positive energy. It calms our mind.

In this connection here I remember the wish of Rama. He expressed his willingness to take suicide several times.

 When Ram Chandra came to know that his dearest brother made suicide sinking in deep river Saroyu, he became speechless and massively depressed. Ultimately he got suicide in the same river jumping in the deep water.

 It proves the fatality of this silent disease. The story is not finished. The end of episodes is very saddestic. Everyone of Auyoddha became stunned by sorrows and melancholy hearing the demise of Rama and Laxmana.  

 Following two elders, Bharat and Shatrughna committed suicide afterwards in the same river. It’s an incident of mass suicidal cases in our history.

To be continued

 

 

Vidyasagar The Renaissance – Man

Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay, the Renaissance- man is still remembered for his contributions in the society and in educational arena of Bengal. Today, he was born in Birsingha village in Hooghly district of Bengal on September 26, 1820. He is famous as “Vidyasagar”as he was an eminent intellectual and scholar of contemporary India.

Eshwar chandra Vidyasagar belonged to a Hindu Brahmin family, and was born to Thakurdas Bandyopadhyay and Bhagavati Devi. He was not privileged enough to have a gas lamp at his home and the desire to acquire knowledge made him study under the streetlights.

Through scholarships, he made a quick succession and joined Sanskrit College in Calcutta and graduated in the year 1841.

It took him 12 years to graduate from college as he was also pursuing his part-time job while studying at the same time. He had a qualification in Sanskrit Grammar, literature, dialectics, Vedanta, smriti, and astronomy.

He was also a social reformer, philosopher, philanthropist, and educationalist with a modern vision. He was a person with high morality, honest character, truthfulness, social reform, unselfishness, and liberalism.

Contributions of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

He contributed to the removal of social justice, upliftment of women, allowing widow remarriage, and advocating against polygamy.

He played a major part in being appointed as the Head Pandit of Fort William College on December 29, 1841. During that time he felt the need to publish books. Because there’s available no books for learning Bengali and other subjects.

Ultimately, he started writing books for this purpose. For learning Bengali language, he wrote ” Barnaporichay ” which is ever remembered. We have read this book in our childhood. This was only book in our childhood to be read for learning Bengali alphabet, punctuation, meaning and so on.

The Pioneer Of English Education:

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the Renaissance- man opened schools for girls and brought significant reforms in the education sector by bringing justice and equality for women through education.

He brought social reforms to change the orthodox Hindu society from within.

He was also a great intellectual activist of the 19th century who installed socio-religious reforms into modern history.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar established a number of model schools in Hooghly, Midnapore, Burdwan, and Nadia.

He introduced monthly exams instead of annual ones, supervised schools, and changed the syllabus.

He brought the study of English, Western Science, and Mathematics into the syllabus.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar also started the acceptance of tuition fees and admission fees and made Sunday a weekly holiday.

The revolution in the education system in Bengal was also made by him.

Books He Authored:

His works involved Betaal Panchavinsati (1847), Banglar Itihaas (1848), Jivancharita (1849), Shakuntala (1854), Mahabharata (1860), Seetar Vanavas (1860), Bhrantivilaas (1869), Oti Alpa Hoilo (1873), Aabaar Oti Alpa Hoilo (1873), Brajavilaas (1884), Ratnopariksha (1886).

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s social reforms included ‘Bidhobabivah’ on the widow’s right to remarry (1855), ‘Bahubivah’ on the banning of polygamy (1871), and Balyabivah on the flaws of child marriage.