Bengali language also known by its endonym Bangla Bhasha,is an Indo-Aryan language/Indic language primarily spoken by the Bengalis in South Asia,specially in the Eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Aryan language is a major language family native to northern India subcontinent, and presently found all across South Asia. Again, Indo-Aryan language and Indo-Iranian language is the branch of Indo-European language family.
¶¶ Modern Indo-Aryan languages are descended from Sanskrit through Prakit. These Languages are Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) about 350 million people’s mother tongue, Bengali (350million), Punjabi (120million), Marathi (112million), Gujarati (60million),Bhojpuri(55million), Odia (35million),Maithuli (35million), Sindhi (30million) and other languages, with an estimate placing the total number of speakers , nearly 900million.
¶¶ Bengali language has many dialects,viz :. 1. Kamrupi dialect – 15million speakers, 2. Bangali – 300 million speakers : a. Rarhi -35m b. Barendri – 25 m c. Sundarbani – 20 m d. Jharkhandi – 15 million.
¶¶ Bengali is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled Languages of India and another 40 million as second language speakers. Bengali is the fifth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the World.
¶¶ Besides, Bangladesh, West Bengal, Tripura, Borak Valley of Assam, Andaman Nicobar Island, it’s spoken by the significant global Bengali diaspora (Bangladeshi Diaspora and Indian Bengalis) communities in Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the middle East.
¶¶ Bengali language has been developed over the course of more than 1000 years. Charyapad and some other punthi (manuscript) of this time has been discovered by the researchers. It’s written in tenth to twelve century. Thirteenth century to fourteenth century was totally baren due to socio- political anarchism. So we don’t have any literature. Srikrishna kirtan Kavya of Boru Chandidas was the only Kavya in the first half of mediaeval period . It was written in fifteenth century. After the religious and social change made by Sri Chaitanya , We got a lot of Bengali literature like Vaishnava literature, Chatanya Jibani and so on.
¶¶ Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Bengali evolved circa 1000- 1200 CE from Sanskrit and Magadhi Prakit . The local Apabhransa of the Eastern subcontinent, Purbi – Apabhransa or Abahatta, eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups of the Bengali – Assmese languages, the Bihari languages and Odia languages.
¶¶ Bengali literature enriched in the second half of the nineteenth century when a renaissance took place in Bengal . Rammohan Roy, Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar , Bankimchandra Chattapadhay, Mychael Mashusudan Dutta and other Poets and Play writers composed various types of literature. Rabindranath came to flourish the Bengali literature with his vibrant genius and still now no other writers wasn’t found in Indian literature who is parral to him. Obviously, Tagore ,by his literature and multi-talented personality , overwhelmed the Eastern and Western world .
Bengali language also known by its endonym Bangla Bhasha,is an Indo-Aryan language/Indic language primarily spoken by the Bengalis in South Asia,specially in the Eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Aryan language is a major language family native to northern India subcontinent, and presently found all across South Asia. Again, Indo-Aryan language and Indo-Iranian language is the branch of Indo-European language family.
Modern Indo – Aryan Languages :
Modern Indo-Aryan languages are descended from Sanskrit through Prakit. These Languages are Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) about 350 million people’s mother tongue, Bengali (350million), Punjabi (120million), Marathi (112million), Gujarati (60million),Bhojpuri(55million), Odia (35million),Maithuli (35million), Sindhi (30million) and other languages, with an estimate placing the totalnumber of speakers , nearly900million.
Dialects of Bengali Language
Bengalilanguage has many dialects,viz :. 1. Kamrupi dialect – 15million speakers, 2. Bangali – 300 million speakers : a. Rarhi -35m b. Barendri – 25 m c. Sundarbani – 20m d. Jharkhandi – 15 million.
Official Language :
Bengali is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled Languages of India and another 40 million as second language speakers. Bengali is the fifth most spoken nativelanguage and the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the World.
Bengali Diaspora :
Besides, Bangladesh, WestBengal, Tripura, Borak Valley of Assam, Andaman Nicobar Island, it’s spoken by the significant global Bengali diaspora (Bangladeshi Diaspora and Indian Bengalis) communities in Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the middleEast.
One Thousand Years Of Bengali Language & Literature:
Bengali language has been developed over the course of more than 1000 years. Charyapad and some other punthi (manuscript) of this time has been discovered by the researchers. It’s written in tenth to twelve century. Thirteenth century to fourteenth century was totally baren due to socio- political anarchism. So we don’t have any literature. Srikrishna kirtan Kavya of Boru Chandidas was the only Kavya in the first half of mediaeval period . It was written in fifteenth century. After the religious and social change made by Sri Chaitanya , We got a lot of Bengali literature like Vaishnava literature, Chatanya Jibani and so on.
Origin & Development of Bengali Language & Literature
Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Bengali evolved circa 1000- 1200 CE from Sanskrit and Magadhi Prakit . The local Apabhransa of the Eastern subcontinent, Purbi – Apabhransa or Abahatta, eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups of the Bengali – Assmese languages, the Bihari languages and Odia languages.
Renaissance And Modern Bengali Language & Literature :
Bengaliliterature enriched in thesecond half of the nineteenthcentury when a renaissance took place in Bengal . Rammohan Roy, Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar , Bankimchandra Chattapadhay, Mychael Mashusudan Dutta and other Poets and Play writers composed various types of literature.
Tagore & Bengali language & Literature :
Rabindranath came to flourish the Bengali literature with his vibrant genius and still now no other writers wasn’t found inIndian literature who is paralal to him. Rabindranath composed 4 thousands poems and hundreds of songs , 2 hundreds short stories, numerous drama and novels , essays, translations , letters which are our assets of Bengali literature.
As a result , Tagore ,by his literature and multi-talented personality , overwhelmed the Eastern and Western world .
Don’t loose trust in humanity.
“Rupsagare Dub Diechi Arupratan asha Kori “. – Tagore
Bangla Bhasha is very sweet in sound, We feel an intimate touch of our mother in it. This fabulous language has an instinct, mesmerizing us with its charming sound. It easily captures our heart and soul , never found it around. It is beautiful to look at and strength, whenever you move here and there , and near and far , world around, It will give you fame and power .
This is the language of heroic Souls, who sacrificed their life for the sake of country, Netaji Subhas speaks it , Binay, Badal, Khudiram expresses their pain and sufferings through it , and countless heroes of our pious land dream in it,and also speaks it millions, never forget them in zeal again . Bangla is the language of The great men like Rammohan ,Vidyasagar ,Bankimchandra ,Rabindranath and Ramakrishna – Vivekananda , it is their spoken language , the language of heart and the souls , don’t hate it ever, as it is our mother tongue , the souls of our soils, love it deeply, keep it never away and weak , and hug it for ever , Don’t let it die,feeble, keep safe in pain.
Hindi , Punjabi , Marathi- all these our sisters , they’re our Mother’s blood, nor we separated in struggle and pain, love them heartily in rain,and in gain.
‘The entire Sky is covered with Sun and Stars / The Universe is full of Souls . / Amongst it I have sung my song . For this , astonishingly my heart has been awakened.’. —- Tagore
“Learning Never Exhausts Mind ” – – – Leonardo da Vinci
Nobel Laureate Indian Poet and Writer Rabindranath Tagore was a great personality and statesman of India as well as in the World . He traveled almost all the important places of this country and aboard, Sometimes more than one time . His childhood days spent in captivity with the firm vigilance of the servants. But he had to practice wrestling everyday in the home. A wrestler was appointed to teach them and he practiced it with his co- wrestler . His physique was bold and steady. Even he was a good looking man. What we see in the picture ,it is his old age photo.
HIS DAILY ROUTINE:
Writing works is not easy done . It is to be done for a long time . Rabindranath was early riser . After morning walk , being refreshed he used to start his writing until bath . After getting lunch , he took rest a bit . Then again he starts writing . Sometimes, people, friends ,students came to visit him in the evening. Music, drama was his most favorite . Occasionally, he ,along with his family members and relatives, friends, even students used to engage in rehearsal of any drama which was written by him like Shyama , Chitrangada ,Bisarjan etc. Besides, when he got the responsibility to look after their Zamindari of East Bengal (now Bangladesh), he had to go there. So, a lot of duties he did . But this celebrated poet led a lonely life and suffered from frequent bouts of depression – he confessed in a letter to his son, Rathindrana Nath Tagore by his father R. N. Tagore. In a new biography, eminent Historian , Sabyasachi Bhattacharjee says one of his worst spells of depression came in 1914 , a year after he won Noble Prize in literature.
Multi – talented Tagore
It is known to all that Tagore was a multi – talented writer. He died in 1941 for infection in the Kidney after a major operation by Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy ,the erstwhile Chief Minister of Bengal. Throughout his life Rabindranath enriched the Bengali literature. He wrote in all spheres of literature and also other faculties of fine arts . He composed four thousands poems ,above two thousands songs , 100 and above short stories, dramas , novels, essays, more than two thousands paintings and so on.
TRAGIC INCIDENT IN TAGORE’S LIFE:
It is very tragic that he lost his daughters, son ,wife and father when he was only 45 to 50 years old. So it is very unfortunate for him being detached from the dearest and nearest all these family members. Naturally, he became isolated due to tremendous loss of the son and daughters.
As a result, he was not in a good state of mind for some time. Though he overcame this clouds and started his regular works.
According to the biography, he suffered from bouts in depression that time. In January, 1915 Tagore again speaks of a break down, deep depression, but in February he claimed to have been healed in the solitude of the boat he inhabited on the banks of Padma river in Shilaidaha in Bangladesh – says historian Sabyasachi Bhattacharji in his book ” Rabindranath Tagore: An Interpretation “.
Rabindranath Tagore also wrote in his biography “Jibansmriti ” and “Chelebela ” that he struggled with loneliness from childhood.
” I was very lonely – that was the special feature of my childhood – I was very lonely. I saw my father seldom : he was away a great deal . I was kept in charge of the servants of the home after my mother died ,” — Tagore wrote to a confidant.
Biographer quotes Tagore as having written to a friend that he would sometimes ” pass many months absolutely alone without speaking , till my own voice grew thin and weak through lack of use .” The poet’s loneliness was due to ” disappointment with the support he received from his people , especially the Bengali people , a sense of loneliness in has life as an institution in his life as an institution – builder in a society , and a mindset that was hostile , or at best apathetic .
His memorable song ‘ Ekla Chalo Re ‘ ( If They Answer Not To Thy Call , Walk Alone’ ) was written in 1905 , when he has been distracted in depression.
THE GITA is our holy book – the must read book of Hindus . Anyone irrespective of caste creed and religion can read this valuable words of wisdom . The spiritual seekers can enrich and enlighten their lives with the knowledge of Gita. As a book of scripture, the Bhagavadgita has assumed a position of universal interest. Its teachings have gained appreciation not only in India, but far beyond its borders. I think almost all the God – seekers are aware of this book like Bible and Koran. The is oldest amongst them.
WHY GITA IS GREAT ?It’s very difficult to explain its greatness and the highest esoteric doctrines in a small piece of writing . It’s the essence of Vedas . It’s language is so sweet and placid that man can easily understand it after a small practice. Actually, if we read this holy book with utmost devotion, we can be enriched with the knowledge of higher thoughts on spiritual upliftment.
THE GITA AS A MUST GUIDE BOOK
Gita is the guide book of Hindus who are interested in pursuing the spiritual growth in life. Only one book can change your life if you have to achieve the truth. We know that the Truth is God and the God is Truth. In Gita , the truth of life is being delivered by Sri Krishna as it’s said, ” Sri Krishna Ubacha “. The thoughts in Gita are so deep that none can arrive at their end even after constant study throughout a life – time. Everyday they exhibit new facets of Truth , and therefore they remain ever fresh and new . When scrutinized with a concentrated mind , when attentively read between the two lines , possessed of faith and reverence, every verse of the Gita will clearly appear as full of the deepest mystery. It will be not unjust to say that the manner in which the Gita describes the virtues, glory and secret of God , is hardly found in any other scriptures of the world .
DEBASIS NAYAK · November 25Completely agree sir! A must read wisdom for all.
His memorable song ‘ Ekla Chalo Re ‘ ( If They Answer Not To Thy Call , Walk Alone’ ) was written in 1905 , when he has been distracted in depression.
” His mind was in turmoil caused not only by the partition of Bengal but also by his failure to gain the attention and support of the mainstream nationalist leaders in the anti – partition, ” – writes Sabbyasachi Bhattacharya .
They are well dressed and well fed , They generally don’t walk , don’t talk with the common people who plough in the fields , the driver who carries the civilized man from one place to another destination, they even don’t look after their relatives when they are in distraction. Yes, they’re looked like common people having their rational urge , rather more than common people those are living below standard, by whom they’re elected and enjoy a luxurious life. They occasionally visit their home places , They come by Fiat or by some precious big car , along with some bodyguards, they speak in very intimate voice with the public, as if he is always in their troubles, but when his vehicles run away for his kingdom, only the cloud of dust covers our face and holy dress ,even in eyes , being invisible fades away from the locals, never come back again , Until the election ceremony comes back near.
We, the common people never dislike these well dressed man , we know, they again will come to us after a long interval , with a grand car and along with bodyguards , like a bosom friends he will start speaking very intimately with us and outh very seriously to fulfill our demands after victory . ” This year I must sanction this road into making pacca , Yes , There will be a Hospital of 100 beds for the village peoples , you don’t have to go city Hospital for treatment , only this year vote me as your representative , rest I will do for you .” Though we know firmly , that no works will be done , until and unless we progress and try to regard ourselves, we could be successful to be done .
Kobita, In my language, is a Poem , like a beautiful girl , Who is my companion of Life for ever. If you love or not, it will wrapped you in your dreams,or in unconscious mind, even When you’re in trouble, or in isolation,It will come to you.
It’s just like the shadow of your consciousness, Poems are your thought’s companions, – The way you walk , it is always with you; When the Tsunami and the earthquake take place in the heart now and then, It also reports like a skilled journalist their pain and sorrows in an unique language. Snapshot the photos of it with great attention. Poems walk on the way of our country , along with man , it rests and sleeps and goes to bed. And even sits on the precious sofa. They look into the bleeding heart of the man , You and me, as they are wrapped in our travel, Even become hurt in pain or glee.
KOBITA , now take rest for sometime, don’t follow me. You and me living together in love and in sorrow, In the spring and showers of the rains for a long time .Now let me live alone, Rather let me bathe in music or give me some brush and colours for painting my woe, Or sink into deep sea of the colour’s , Where there is no shadow of life , But a peaceful dream and glee. Where I move , may it be near or far , Kobita you are there with me .
In sorrow, in spring, in rain and pain , Kobita not far away from me .
We love this earth and it’s true . We are always being trapped , and wrapped with worldly life, Get no space for fresh breathe , Gradually dying into honey and money . But in an one morning , we feel that we won’t to be captivated , We don’t have to get any further wealth, We desire only love of our nearer and dearer one, And touch of fresh air like our mother earth .
We don’t want to cry for power like an emperor , Nor we expect such fabulous welcome like an distinguished one from my
host , Only a tiny room and
some mediocre lunch and tea with breakfast for the day . Have a good bathe ,
and some fellow travelers
to roam distant places of our motherland ; To visit rivers and mountains , The people and their livelihood, Of various cultures ,And to make an hearty friendship, but nonetheless .
Never get chained with our family and friends, Don’t look behind for them .
March on forward for unknown path, Where for a long time , eagerly waiting your father , who is your real friend.
We couldn’t recognise him in the crowded path , Nor we notice him in the idol in temple, But He is omnipresent , and in all,
Seek him in the mass ,
He is the king of the kings,
beggars of the beggars , He is in you and in me, and us, And get friendship with Him for ever , Never forget in fame or in work .
We born for work , not for fame. So only love him,serve him , Sometimes rebuke him, lost him, But finally gain him , It’s all the same . You never enjoy anywhere , Nor even in heaven. Remember, what you see ,which you touch and which you love through your senses – All these are temporal, Don’t be attached with these , Only drive in deep ocean of love,
Don’t Worry , Be steady and alert. You have to travel a long way; Friends, relatives, your dearest one tag you back And look into your eyes , And stike to heart. Might request you reiteratingly to return Home . But , remember , a lot of time you killed with devil’s work, wrong direction, Nothing saved for your future, To have a truth and eternal love from your Mother, Who is waiting for you , me and for all. She bears a light to make the way clean and clear , She will hold on our fickle hands , Lest we slip down on the slippery rocky slope way , To protect from the enemies , Which are always trying to mislead you , me and us . No , never you look behind for the temporary , faulty, mortal life. Give up all your worldly possessions, untruthful relationship; And be proceed for eternal peace to gain a eternal life .
Every year in BASANT PANCHAMI , We celebrate SARASWATI PUJA . Though it is of Hindus , but some other sections of our society also join and celebrate this festival.
¶¶ SARASWATI PUJA , generally is celebrated by the students as well as art – interested people of Indian societies irrespective of all caste and creed . It is also worshiped in Nepal , Srilanka , Bali ,Maldeep , Thaland and Bangladesh .
¶¶ The festival marks the arrival of the Spring, therefore, it’s also called VASANT PANCHAMI. Farmers across almost all the provinces of India celebrate Basant Panchami with much fervor as yellow flowers of mustard crops adorn their fields. But , some states observes the day by offering prayers to Goddess SARASWATI . According to Hindu mythology , it’s believed that the Goddess SARASWATI was born on the day of VASANT PANCHAMI.
¶¶ The people, generally students, both boys and girls wear clothes of yellow color , and assemble to their Puja Mandap to pray as well as offer Bhog to Goddess of knowledge ,SARASWATI . They pray for knowledge and success ; as Ma SARASWATI is the Hindu Goddess of knowledge, music, art, wisdom and wealth.
¶¶ There is another attraction of this ceremony. It a special for its beautiful and delicious Bhog like labra (mixed veg) ,Khichuri , Beguni, Paayesh , Sandesh , Sweet Saffron rice , Papar fried and Chutney.
¶¶ Today , on 29 th January, 2020 , We, early in the morning take bathe and remain fast until the Puja finished. In my student life ( still now I think me a student), we became engaged in collecting subscription from the members of our Hostel in every areas of the then Calcutta ( now Kolkata) for a month before this festival. Special arrangement was to be taken for the special Bhog to distribute our guest . We had to decorate the entire Hostel with light . Our Hostel managing committee along with Superintendent usually came to visit the idol and pandel in the evening . Sometimes their relatives also attended the fest . There was an introduction season when we had to introduce ourselves before the Hostel Governing Body members.
¶¶ SARASWATI PUJA was something special to us because of its delicious foods . That day , varieties menu was to be arranged for lunch like home . But , the priest did not come at the right time. They had a pact scheduled , because the Puja pandal was more than the priest . That’s why they failed to come at the right time. However, after completion of Puja and fantabulous lunch , we generally used to visit other pandels of Kolkata city.
¶¶ During my service life , I didn’t get opportunity to enjoy like before. Because, it was a tradition of our century – old College (Krishnath College) to be maintained secular atmosphere , so no Puja celebrated by the students. But once it was happened not in College premises, but just in front of the College gate .
¶¶ This year , I visit two Puja pandals . I notice , students wearing yellow dresses roam here and there with their friends and getting selfie . Music is running on . We take some Bhog . They arranged a lot . Students wear yellow dresses Sari , Panjabi. Beautiful songs are being played in the sound box . With the music, they are dancing . It’s a very joyful ceremony to them .
¶¶ In this College venue, students of Muslim community are arranging all the important works from marketing to Prosad distribution. Yes , some Hindu boys and girls also there to assist them .In fact , they are students, not Hindu or Muslim. There is Unity in Diversity .
¶¶ But , the condition is not same in villages of Bengal . Three – four decades ago , in every school of Bengal , SARASWATI PUJA was celebrated , but at present , Muslim community students are demanding to continue Friday Prayer in Schools, as there take place SARASWATI PUJA. They are saying if there is no problem for SARASWATI PUJA in school , why not Friday Prayer!
••
••The problem is there , if Puja is granted in the premises , why is it problem in continuing the Friday Prayer in school premises ?
This is absolutely different matter. SARASWATI PUJA is related to the student and their learning place as well , but there is no connection of Friday Prayer with all the students . Only a section of people used to go Masjid for prayer , not in Schools.
Besides, SARASWATI PUJA is a one day or two days festival, whereas Friday Prayer of Muslim community students are of ones a week, four days ritual in a month and 48 days in a year. Former is just festival , whereas later is ritual. Ritual is your own , but festival is for all .
For festival, schools, college and other institutions are being closed to enjoy it, but for regular ritual we don’t allow for any holidays, or suspension of our working time. So it is a vital issue of the time in Bengal.
Who We Observe This Fabulous Fest!
Hindus, Sikhs and Jains in India, Nepal , Bangladesh, Pakistan, Java and Bali (Indonesia) celebrate this fabulous festival.
When it is celebrated?
¶¶ This festival is being observed in every year on the fifth day of the bright half of the Hindu luni – solar calendar month of Magha, which typically falls in late January, or first week of February. In Southern States and in Bengal , the same day is called as Sri PANCHAMI.
¶¶ On the Island of Bali and Indonesia , it’s known as Bari Raya SARASWATI.
¶¶ Goddess SARASWATI is dressed with yellow clothing like the colorful flowers of Mustard crops . It is very favorite color of Mather Goddess . Hindus believe it as a Holy color.
¶¶ This festival is too celebrated, as the king of season, Basanta will be started 40 days after this festival. VASANT means spring and PANCHAMI means fifth . So , according to Hindu Calendar , it is the fifth day of the month Magha. Every year this day is celebrated as VASANT PANCHAMI/ SRI PANCHAMI/ SARASWATI PUJA.
¶¶ Again this festival is marked the start of preparation for other major Hindu festival of Holi and Holika , which take place forty days later.
¶¶ There is another significance of this festival . In many parts of India , it’s considered as an auspicious day for kids to start their first writing words with their fingers , or study some creative art field.
¶¶ Sometimes, somewhere, it is found Ganesha is placed by the side of The idol of Ma SARASWATI for worship who is the God of Success.
¶¶ Saraswati Mantra usually recite in the time of Anjali (sacrifice) with taking some yellow flowers in hand and after reciting the mantra , it is to be given on the feets of Goddess SARASWATI.
¶¶ We enchant a pronam mantra : ‘Vadra kalloi Namo Nittam Saraswottay Namo Namoh ‘.
Madhusudan Dutta/Dutt , the first modern poet and dramatist (1824 – 1873) lived a very short life and writes both in English and Bengali language. He is an Indian poet of nineteenth century who writes not much , but some valuable and memorable piece of literary gems.
He is called the first modern poet and dramatist in Bengal as well as in India. Today , 25th January is his birthday , so we convey a lot of respect to him .
“Stop a while, traveler !/ Should Mother Bengal Claim /thee for her son.” – image:kalpatarurudra.org/jpg
BIO OF THE FIRST MODERN POET :
Madhusudan was a brilliant student of Kolkata’s famous Hindu College ( Now Presidency University) . Rajnarayan Bose, Bhudev Mukhopadhay was his classmate. He studied Bengali ,Sanskrit, Parsia , Greek amongst other subjects.
A JOURNEY: MODERN WRITING
He began writing while he studied there . He drew everyone’s attention at college for his personality, fluent English speaking like the English man – even more proficiently , extraordinary speaker / orator, and as a well – dressed modern young Bengali student.
In fact , Michael’s exceptionally colourful personality and his unconventional, dramatic and in the many ways tragic life have added to the magnetism and glamour of his name.
¶¶ THE FIRST MODERN POET / WORKS & COMPOSITION:
Madhusudan started his literary journey in English language .Actually this was the tradition. Because , it was British period when all the communication had to perform in English and it was king’s language.
MODERN NOVEL: BANKIM CHANDRA
Bankimchandra Chattapaddhay also began his literary debut in English which is a novel, “Rajmohan’s Wife”. Madhusudan wrote ” The Captive Ladie “(1849).
Bankimchandra: The Pioneer Of Bengali Novel – image:kalpatarurudra.org/jpg
¶¶ ” The Captive Ladie ” is the most considerable verse in English written by a Bengali’s pen . This verse( two cantos and with an introduction), appended with Visions of the past had established him as one of the foremost litterateurs of the Bengal Renaissance.
Like many of his other poems ,The Captive Ladie, inspired by the 12th century Rajasthani poet Chand Bardai’s Prithvirajraso, is set in pre- Mutual Delhi , and draws references from both the Indian epics ,The Ramayana (4th century B.C ) and The Mahabharata (4th century A.D) more prominently, from the former.
The Captive Ladie alongwith Visions of the Past dealing with Christian theme , were first published in the Madras Circulator,probably in April – May 1849.
The tale of the Captive Ladie ,previously mentioned , from the store of Indian history and ambitiously addresses quite a few controversial issues like nationalism and patriotism, individual liberty, the practice of Sati, the rehabilitation of much maligned Hindu Gods and the Hindu character.
In this poem , captivity is a happy trope for examining his own cultural plight. This is metaphorically representative of the poet’s captivity in the hands of his English Muse .
MEGHNADBADH KABYA : THE FIRST MODERN
¶¶ The first modern poet of Bengali language and literature ,Madhusudan Dutt became famous for his literary epic ‘Meghnathbadh Kabya’. He used blank verse in lieu of analogous , which was entirely new in Bengali poetry than previous Bharatchandra and Ishwar Gupta.
Language, rhetoric , prosody and imageries – are all new and highly significant. 1860 – 1861 may be considered as one of the more productive periods of Dutt’s life because during these two years , the plays padmavati and Krishnakumari , the poems Tilottamasambhava Brajangana .And the epical Meghnadhvadh were published.
¶¶ The poetic composition, Birangana (1862) was succeeded by Chatturdashpadi Kavitabali (sonnet) – a collection of 102 Bengali fourteen- liners- in 1866 and the prose work Hector Badh.
¶¶ His another contribution in Bengali literature is his drama. Initially he translated a drama Ratnavali of Ramnarayan ,while he came in contact with the Belgachhia theatre groups , and this association induced in him an unforeseen eagerness to contribute in Bengali.
He composed and translated Sermista , Is this called Civilisation? Maya kanan is another drama , published posthumously in 1874.
¶¶ He wrote some love poems in his young age when he was a college student. Wrote a number of letters to his friend ,Gourdas Basal and Raj Narayan Basu and also his mentor Ishwar Chandra Bandhopadhyay . He wrote some essays which published in the famous contemporary news papers .
Image:kalpatarurudra.org/jpg
¶¶ Michael Madhusudan Dutta, the great modern poet was a genius and his contribution in English and Bengali literature are enormous and fabulous, but his personal life was not happy for his reckless expenditure and unrestrained lifestyle.
Marriage life was not also smooth . He died in the early , at the age of 49 . We convey our respect to his eternal soul .
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